Organic Chemistry 2 | Chapter 19: Aldehydes and Ketones Notes

Klein's chapter 19 of Organic Chemistry covers the same material as Chapter 10 of Soderberg's Organic Chemistry with a Biological Emphasis: Nucleophilic Addition to Carbonyls. The key to understanding these reactions is that the carbon in the double bond with oxygen has a positive delta via resonance with the Oxygen, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attacks. Once this pattern is understood, most of the reactions mentioned will be quite reasonable and logical. Hope this helps!!!

A Note on the Sulfur Nucleophiles: Thioketals are acidic, which lead to a carbanion forming, which is nucleophilic. The thioketal can also be reduced via Raney Ni Hydrogenation, so there's food for thought!

Chapter 19: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1RtJ1v6VJ7akaT3Puj4crZJnC-Pnv_Mcn/view?usp=drive_link